The New England Aquarium Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New England Aquarium - Case Study Example The Aquarium has a multi-year assorted arrangement, which clarifies where we are right now, just as recognizes the victories we can utilize. It likewise suggests what we ought to do so as to cause the establishment to turn out to be progressively comprehensive and assorted in expected zones and better-prepared to serve and arrive at the differing network. In this update, I will give a political and representative casing investigation of the contextual analysis, Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium from the purpose of perspectives on the COO, Cynthia Mackey. Furthermore, I will likewise break down the entire association in outlines, just as three political proposals and three emblematic suggestions that Cynthia can actualize, talking about potential repercussions of the activities. The aquarium has taken a stab at figuring arrangements with the point of making it a foundation that pulls in the broadest crowd as could be expected under the circumstances. These endeavors started in one side of the aquarium, the instruction division to have a go at bring various individuals into its folds. These sorts of activities were supported by the legislature, in which it concentrated on uniting teenagers to take part in the accessible youth programs, notwithstanding being paid. The young projects were effective however were troublesome inside the foundation on account of the longstanding suspicions and practices that conflicted with desires and needs of others. With such sentiments running high, Cynthia Mackey who is the division senior comprehended the emergency and in this manner, looked to discover approaches to determine the strains. The New England Aquarium ought to draw in the broadest body electorate in its endeavors to ensure the aquarium or rather the blue planet. A work power which is different ought to give aptitude; points of view and encounters which will improve the accessible projects in the establishment, include imagination, upgrade the workplace and fortify their critical thinking abilities. In the event that a differing workforce is executed, the network will quit viewing the establishment as a protect for well off families in light of the fact that each culture will be actualized. Also, when a differing network meets up, they get new thoughts, aptitudes and encounters, and accordingly, the establishment will profit by the different thoughts from every network. Also, if a broadest body electorate is occupied with the conservation of the blue planet, the establishment will be very much spoken to just as advantage from a wide point of view of every network spoke to. At the point when various individuals, with various thoughts cooperate, they can use sound judgment dependent on each spoke to culture inside the foundation. In this manner , delegates of every network will speak to each culture and thus, the aquarium will draw in everybody as its statement of purpose states. Furthermore, as it name proposes, Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium is a global network aquarium and hence, thinking of a differing workforce, will assist the establishment with working together towards the quest for a typical vision and perfect. Worldwide people group comes in all sizes and shapes, and thusly, they will speak to an astonishing assorted individuals in their qualities, regarding monetary, social, political, natural just as otherworldly. The Aquarium opened its entryways in 1969, and built the absolute first fruitful cutting edge aquarium. Its structures are creative and the mammoth sea tank

Ban On Assault Weapons & High Capacity Magazines Essay Example for Free

Restriction On Assault Weapons High Capacity Magazines Essay What is a high limit magazine precisely? It is any magazine for a quick firing weapon that can hold in excess of 10 slugs. Pennsylvania voters need stricter laws on firearms, including personal investigations on all buys and bans on attack weapons and high-limit magazines. Democrats controlled both the House and Senate, and the countries crime percentage was a significant concern. The ambush weapons boycott was a piece of a broad wrongdoing charge that included cash to enlist extra police, construct new detainment facilities and store wrongdoing avoidance programs. By 3 to 2 edges, individuals favor an across the nation prohibition on ambush weapons (60 percent to 37 percent) and a restriction on the offer of ammo magazines that hold in excess of 10 slugs (59 to 39 percent). Be that as it may, when the main ambush weapons boycott was endorsed prohibiting 19 explicit weapons it was a totally different time. By and by, I’m for weapons. I don't figure they should boycott attack weapons and high limit magazines. That’s not reasonable for the genuine weapon darlings out there. In addition the entirety of the trackers that may require a high limit magazine or an ambush rifle. I for one believe that this law won’t pass all over the place, particularly in Alaska. Individuals need to figure out how to utilize a weapon before they lay their hands on one. That’s the main issue. I additionally think you have to enlist your firearm in your name when you get it. I for one think on the off chance that somebody has a terrible record or a course of events of awful deeds, at that point they shouldn’t own a firearm. Straightforward as that. Restricting ambush weapons and high limit magazines can have its ups utilizing it for chasing or simply shooting yet it additionally has its downs murdering individuals, or harming somebody, yet I’m just for firearms. So I think this law doesn’t should be made. One needs to enlist it and ensure you don’t have a terrible record, and skill to utilize a firearm. That’s the law I figure th ey should make.

The Way We Live

The Way We Live Do you ever feel like you cant do just one thing at a time? These days, I cant watch TV (a real TV) without internet on my lap. I cant read or sometimes even sleep without doing errands around the web every once in a while. OK I may be an Internet addict, but I am not alone. According to a recent New York Times blog titled The Rise of the Toilet Texter, 91 percent of people between 28-35 have used their mobile devices while on the toilet. Blame it on all those apps for everything you can think of. As our Internet culture continues to mature, words such as social media fatigue are becoming legitimate concerns. I wasnt fully aware of this problem in my life until our trip to Seoul in my last week of IAP in Korea. South Korea may be the Starcraft capital in the world (with its own serious Internet addiction problem to tackle), but it is also a country with such distinct and concentrated culture that upon exposure, inspires many thoughts about the differences in the ways we live our lives.  One such distinction is the ??? (jimjilbang), which refers to a Korean bathhouse. And it is my encounter with the jimjilbang that showed meit might be time to pencil in some downtime. Although the first public bath house opened in Korea in the 1920s, the Korean bathhouse has a history dating back to the 15th century. The most traditional element in these jimjilbangs are the hut-shaped charcoal kilns with varying temperatures. (I remember going into one that was 50 degrees Celsius or 122 degrees Fahrenheit, which isnt even high in sauna standards; but I was nevertheless taken aback by the number.) The New York Times ran an article last summer on jimjilbangs, and for visual reference, heres a photo from that story. (Photo credit:  Woohae Cho for the International Herald Tribune) While todays bathhouses boast restaurants, spa services, arcades, Internet cafes, movie rooms, etc., the focal point of the jimjilbangs are still the heated kilns that allow hardworking Korean men and women, young and old, to escape the fast-paced demands of modern life. That night in Seoul, our group of MIT students were among the many locals who retreated to the jimjilbang, happy to be sheltered from the brutal winds of winter at the very least. Admission was just 10,000 won, which is a little less than 10 dollars. The entrance fee also came with a set of cotton t-shirt, shorts, and two towels. The bathhouse is open all 24 hours of the day, but signs specify that you can only stay for 12 continuous hours each visit. Thats still pretty darn long. We wondered if and how the Korean bathhouses filter out the homeless population. I wondered if and how similar jimjilbangs can work into American culture. Its also interesting that while many Americans pride on going to the gym regularly, the Koreans go to the bathhouse just as often to relax and sweat toxins out. Americans are notorious workaholics we get 10 vacation days with an additional 10-15 days for full-time employees, which is still almost 10 days fewer than the 34 that South Koreans get. And its not like the American economy is performing extra stellar. We had arrived at 10:30 PM, and there were still families trickling in. Grandmothers, mothers, granddaughters. Young men. Old working men. Another foreigner looking for an authentic Korean experience. We laid inside the kilns, napping, chatting about economic theories (I was just a listener to that conversation), eating hard-boiled eggs, comparing our temporary dwelling to summertime in Las Vegas. We moved from kiln to kiln that escalated in temperature until it was too much to handle. I also clumsily tripped a little on the way out and brushed my forearm against the inner surface of the kiln. Of course a mark appeared soon enough; it would be my souvenir of the night. During the whole experience, I felt like a baked pig. Ive never paid to go somewhere to relax, sweat, and frankly, do nothing. Paying to relax and get pampered may be on the calendar for the affluent or grown-ups working in the real world, but for a student like me, this seemed nonsense. We should be on the go! All the time! Multi-tasking! Weaving in and out of the constantly refreshing feed of life. I closed my eyes and tried to adjust to this mode of doing nothing. Soon I found myself thinking Dear jimjilbang, I respect you for being a time-honored cultural tradition that not only sustains an impact on an entire nation, but also challenges the frenetic way of life were accustomed to today.

Diversity And Equality And Diversity - 1852 Words

Diversity tends to be established by people from different spheres of life including different ethnicities, cultures, and social settings. It allows individuals to appreciate and understand the interdependence of culture, the environment in which people are living, and humanity. Diversity also helps individuals to build alliances and unity despite having a difference regarding their beliefs, religion, and culture. It helps one to recognize and appreciate that people are born different regarding their personality and values so that one can accommodate those differences and live together in peace and harmony. There are some ways through which diversity can be promoted. Some of those ways include; creating an environment that includes all persons regardless of their social status and economic background. Secondly, diversity can be improved by ensuring there is equal access to jobs and opportunity for all people without discrimination. Thirdly, diversity can be enhanced by making amendments in the organization policies, procedures, and process. Fourthly, diversity can be strengthened by ensuring people are included and treated with fairness and dignity. Fairness helps to eliminate issues and differentials because it encourages all members of the society feel appreciated. Personal Reflection What does diversity mean to you? Diversity to me means the ability to accept the differences, uniqueness, oddness and weakness in other people. Diversity enables us to integrateShow MoreRelatedEquality and Diversity2238 Words   |  9 Pages1. What is meant by diversity? Diversity means differences and variations, within in people for example different races, beliefs, physical appearances, age, capabilities, customs and gender and class. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: †¢ Interests †¢ Beliefs †¢ Ages †¢ Lifestyles †¢ Personal, social and cultural identities. The community I live in is very diverse, I live among various different cultures and lifestylesRead MoreEquality and Diversity2900 Words   |  12 Pagesand is made up of 5 Parts. Name: Part 1: Understanding equality This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Know the meaning of equality |Learning objective |Place in Assessment | |1.1 Define the following terms: |Question 1 Page 1 | |Equality Read MoreEquality and Diversity2601 Words   |  11 PagesRunning Head: EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 1 Equality and Diversity: A New Approach to Gender Equality  Policy in the UK Gender Studies 30th April 2011 EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 2 Abstract The United Kingdom is a country that claims to be intolerant towards gender discrimination and at ease with diversity of all kinds. It believesRead MoreEquality and Diversity2575 Words   |  11 Pageswill demonstrate my understanding of equality and diversity as a key approach to policy and practice within my setting. I will make reference to current legislation such as equal pay act, disability discrimination act, sex discrimination act and equality act. Other areas of discriminatory practice I will discuss are language and terminology, stereotyping and attitudes in relation to children and young people. I will explore anti discriminatory practice and diversity that is within the everyday role ofRead MoreManagement Of Equality And Diversity1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement of equality and diversity in own area of responsibility. The table below highlights the observations and evaluation that I have conducted for the implementation of the University’s launch of the Equality Diversity Framework. The observation includes suggested actions and a timeframe on areas where I could influence or have responsibility and authority to change. The University implementation plan was to deliver the strategy through the development of a strategic equality and diversity frameworkRead MoreEquality, Diversity, and Democracy1348 Words   |  6 PagesJustice and Equality Cannot Coexist, For When One is Achieved the Other is Infringed Upon: Equality, diversity, and democracy are the three components that America claims to revolve around, but unfortunately lacks. America is a nation filled with envy, rage, and such preposterous behaviors and actions. Since the founding of the nation, to the present of America, and according to the predicament of the future, this territorial notion that America abides by is slowly corrupting the nation. SinceRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesstratification (Parsons, 1970). Whilst complete societal equality may be unattainable, Equal Opportunities (EO) policies aim to ‘reduce the gap. Inequality takes different forms and there is much theoretical debate regarding which grouping variables, such as gender or age, are important. There exist three key notions of ‘equality of opportunity’: formal, liberal and radical. The former two are minimalist concepts, concerned principally with e quality of opportunity - the ‘beginning’ of the process. ConverselyRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesNCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 1: Exploring Equality and Diversity Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor viaRead MoreEquality and Diversity in Childcare9428 Words   |  38 PagesEducation course. One of the modules is Equality and Diversity in Childcare. For this exercise I will explore equality and diversity concepts as relevant to Irish Society. Analyse approaches to diversity education including, assimilation, multicultural, intercultural and anti-bias. Explore equality and diversity terminology; including prejudice, discrimination, racism, sexism and abelism etc. Examine current legislation on Equality and Diversity, to include Equality Legislation, the UN Convention on the

African American And American Writing - 1591 Words

African-American writing is the collection of writing created in the United States by journalists of African heritage. It starts with the works of such late 18th-century essayists as Phillis Wheatley. Prior to the high purpose of slave stories, African-American writing was commanded via self-portraying profound accounts. African-American writing came to ahead of schedule high focuses with slave accounts of the nineteenth century. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was a period of blooming writing and human expressions. Scholars of African-American writing have been perceived by the most astounding honors, including the Nobel Prize to Toni Morrison. Among the topics and issues investigated in this writing are the part of African Americans inside the bigger American culture, African-American society, bigotry, bondage, and social balance. African-American composing has had a tendency to join oral structures, for example, spirituals, sermons, gospel music, soul, or rap. As African Americans spot in American culture has changed through the hundreds of years, thus, has the center of African-American writing. Before the American Civil War, the writing fundamentally comprised of journals by individuals who had gotten away from subjection; the class of slave stories included records of life under subjugation and the way of equity and recovery to flexibility. There was an early qualification between the writing of liberated slaves and the writing of free blacks, who had beenShow MoreRelatedThe Writings Of African American Women1634 Words   |  7 PagesWriting is an escape, a way to challenge societal issues. It allows readers to gaze through the lens of the storytellers (questia.com). The writings of African-American women have showcased the triumph of the African-American community over adversity by exceeding their boundaries and limitations. Historically, African-Americans have used writing as a means of sharing their struggles and victories in a way that encourages survival and self-discovery. Countless African-American authors have influencedRead MoreEquality for African Americans After writing my newspaper article on the NAACP, I realized that800 Words   |  4 PagesEquality for African Americans After writing my newspaper article on the NAACP, I realized that the African American community needed a renewed sense of belonging, like all the other communities have in this day in age. This sense of being is better known as equality. Webster’s dictionary defines equality as having the same rights, social status and opportunities as others. The African American community has yet to reach a plateau were they are seen as equals. Equalities for African Americans are stillRead MoreWhite Males And The American Writers922 Words   |  4 PagesIn this nature writing course and in all my literature courses there haven’t been many African American writers represented. This isn’t because they don’t exist, but because the more commonly known writers have the attributes of being more respected, and are widely accepted writers in American literature, who majority of the time are white males like Thoreau and Leopold. These are just examples, and they are good writ ers but there are also good African American writers that deserve just as muchRead MoreThe Influence Of The Harlem Renaissance On African American Literature1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affect of the Harlem Renaissance on African American Literature The second half of the eighteenth century introduced a new expression to the literary world. The new expression was a voice that belonged to the African American writers. The African American writers wrote with a flair and brought a new perspective to the realm of literature. Literature, as America had known it, consisted of works from Christopher Columbus, John Smith, William Bradford, and Mary Rowlandson; these writers capturedRead MoreVoices Of Freedom : Slavery s Impact On African American Literature1204 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on African American Literature In the early to mid-nineteenth century, America found itself divided over the issue of slavery. The culture, traditions, and economy of southern states depended heavily on slave labor, while the northern states opposed the institution of slavery. Even though the slave trade was declared illegal in the early nineteenth century, slavery itself was not illegalized until more than a half century later. Abolitionists used powerful anti-slavery writings as a wayRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one ofRead MoreThe Life Of Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance868 Words   |  4 Pages The first African American to earn a living through writing, also known as Langston Hughes, is a significant figure in both the Harlem Renaissance and the poetry community. His post-school and childhood experiences influenced his writing. Hughes wrote about the lives of lower-class African Americans and racial injustice to increase awareness of the issue. Langston Hughes impacted the lives of many black communities through his writing; influenced by his childhood and experiences in New York, theRead MoreThe Critical Impacts Of The Harlem Renaissance1066 Words   |  5 Pagesunderlines the trouble of ethnic issue knowledgeable by African Americans all through the twentieth century. There were numerous critical impacts, for instance, artistic the growth. The Harlem Renaissance was an energetic affiliation amongst the 1920s where African Americans started composed and tr ansported artistry and writing one of a caring to their race, motivating a countless many darks kin to complete in a white overwhelming society. While the American war was a disaster for the confederate south leavingRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes? Influence on American Literature1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe great writers of his time. He was named the â€Å"most renowned African American poet of the 20th century† (McLaren). Through his writing he made many contributions to following generations by writing about African American issues in creative ways including the use of blues and jazz. Langston Hughes captured the scene of Harlem life in the early 20th century significantly influencing American Literature. He once explained that his writing was an attempt to â€Å"explain and illuminate the Negro conditionRead MoreThe Influences for Langston Hughes Successful Writing Career979 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican literature and American culture have always been connected throughout our history. Langston Hughes was able to recognize that, â€Å"Man had the inability to bridge cultures† (Bloom 16). In one of his writings, Luani of the Jungles, Langston writes about the interactions in a relationship between a white man and a black woman, â€Å"that is not ruined by outside disapproval, but the man’s own obsession and oversimplification of their racial differences† (16). Hughes’s ability to speak openly about

Everything for Sale Free Essays

Everything for Sale by Robert Kuttner: A Summary [Insert full name here] [Insert institutional information here] Everything for Sale by Robert Kuttner: A Summary In his book, Robert Kuttner (1999) tries to shake the dominant orthodoxy of laissez-faire economics, which he sees as the â€Å"natural form of capitalism,† by attempting to â€Å"reclaim a defensible middle ground† between when the market is â€Å"best left alone† and when it â€Å"needs help† (p. 5). Kuttner’s chief premise is that a mixed economy is necessary for a society that is civil and decent, a society where the economy is in optimum health. We will write a custom essay sample on Everything for Sale or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Kuttner, unfettered laissez-faire economy is in conflict with mixed economy, and that their opposition is essentially a struggle between the moderate but rational dissent — the call for a mixed economy — and the prevailing orthodoxy, or the desire to retain the economic status quo. He further maintains that a mixed economy is realistic precisely because there is virtually no escape from politics, especially in the economic landscape where the government can influence its course by adopting certain national economic policies. Kuttner readily accepts some notable contributions of the market system. For instance, he concedes that â€Å"[m]arkets accomplish much superbly,† and that â€Å"[t]hey offer consumers broad choices† (Kuttner, 1999, p. 11). Paraphrasing Adam Smith, Kuttner (1999) states that â€Å"the great paradox of the market is that the individual pursuit of self-interest aggregates to an efficient general good† (p. 11). He reaffirms the long-held belief that markets, when left alone, can lead to a vibrant economy. Yet, Kuttner eventually notes that the free market capitalist system is not entirely a rigid structure that has an aversion to changes. He believes that, â€Å"[f]or economies to operate efficiently, drastic change or abrupt disjuncture is the exception rather than the rule† (Kuttner, 1999, p. 12). Thus, markets may accommodate new prices, whether higher or lower than the prevailing prices. Old businesses may go insolvent, and new businesses offering the same goods or services may take their stead. Through the introduction of changes, the market is able to correct itself. In his book, however, Kuttner proposes something else. Kuttner seeks to dispel the complement notions that government interventions in the market are never successful and that markets are self-correcting and can thus work on their own. To reclaim the so-called middle ground, Kuttner offers detailed examples of how previous government interventions in the market did in fact work. He also writes about the shortcomings of the market for healthcare, the labor market, and the financial markets. By providing those examples, he then reduces the theoretical clout of contemporary laissez-faire economics, which he then deploys to draw attention to his position in favor of mixed economy. Kuttner further combines these examples with the premise that there are many kinds of economic and social goods that the market simply cannot provide without failing in one significant way or another. For instance, transportation and communication infrastructures are often financed by the government in association with other private and political entities. Though the funds are not entirely from the government, it cannot be doubted that the government has its share and that it is through its political efforts that the infrastructure projects are realized. Thus, for Kuttner, without the participation of the government in the economy, no matter how limited, the country will hardly be having the social and economic goods it now enjoys today. Clearly, â€Å"markets are not perfectly self-correcting† for Kuttner (1999) and, as a necessary consequence, â€Å"the only check on their excesses must be extra-market institutions† (p. 62), which is short of saying that the check is the government itself. Kuttner lists several areas upon which excesses have been committed. For instance, he states that even the seemingly innocent frequent-flyer program is guilty of frustrating shopping around for travel services by other airline companies since this program is designed to entice people to â€Å"stick with a favored carrier in order to earn mileage credits† (p. 261). To curb this, Kuttner (1999) states that there must be a regulated airline competition where â€Å"[r]egulators could set a zone of tolerable prices, to reflect actual costs more nearly† (p. 68). Another example is the case of the electric power market where the subsequent technological innovations in the first three decades of the mass availability of electricity led to the situation where â€Å"real prices rose dramatically between 1930 and 1933,† except that the â€Å"introduction of public power and federal regulation in the mid-1930s† brought back the â€Å"virtuous pattern of declining prices, technical advances, and increasing usage† (Kuttner, 1999, p. 272). Even the environment is not spared from the failure of a free market. Kuttner observes that the laissez-faire system has encouraged more spewing of pollutants, the manufacture of dangerous products, and others. Through regulatory measures out of broad public-policy goals, Kuttner believes that markets will have no choice but to cut down their waste discharges. The discussion cites other examples in order to illustrate the fact that the free market oftentimes finds help from the federal government. Kuttner (1999) concludes his book with a restatement of how nations â€Å"have now experienced more than two decades of the celebration of markets and denigration of government† (p. 361). Instead of continuing such prevailing notion, he reasserts that â€Å"the case for the market is much more of a mixed case than its champions insist,† especially since markets have become increasingly impulsive in breaching what used to be the province of rights. For Kuttner, the more these markets try to penetrate the province of inalienable rights in their relentless pursuit of profit, the more constraints from the government are needed. Otherwise, the whole foundation upon which the free market capitalist system stands will likewise become endangered. Reference Kuttner, R. (1999). Everything for sale: The virtues and limits of markets. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. How to cite Everything for Sale, Essay examples

Violence Against Transgender

Question: Describe about social issues and arguments. Answer: Introduction Transgender people refer to such people, whose personal identity does not match with the identity or expression assigned to them at the time of their birth. The social issues of transgender/different gender are rising so much that it has become difficult for people of different gender live freely. As a result of which, laws are broken by various other communities of society. In the United States, several transgender people have become the victims of fatal violence. Most of the transgender women face sexism and suffer violence at the hands of other people (Irving, 2013). Such people can fall into various categories like lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and a single term used is LGBTQ. Social Issues and arguments: In a recent case in the U.S., a sixteen-year- old guy named KendaRia Johnson was killed due to his sexual attitude and changed gender identity because he sometimes changed his way of clothing and talking and showed interest in different gender people and the result was that his body was found dead (Sherouse, 2016). This story was recently published in an article: Death of Gender Fluid Teen Highlights Continued Violence Against LGBTQ Youth and Adults by Beth Sherouse on 14th March 2016. Recent history is full of such terrible incidents. There are two sides of issues related to transgender people. One is, if they continue to lead their lives as they are but do not disclose their identity, then they have to undergo emotional trauma involved in hiding their identity throughout the life and in suppressing their inner desires which are different from their outward desires (Winter, 2006). The second side is if such people decide to make a transition, then again their life is full of hurdles, like hatred, rejection by society, fear of not finding a partner, homelessness, violence by other people, changes in legal documents and overall impact on their personal and professional life. In either case, such people have to face hurdles mentally, emotionally and physically. However, it is the decision of a particular individual as to which way he wants to go and lead his/her life and his/her family plays an important role in this decision and the happiness of such individual (Chettiar, 2015) Recommendations: After doing enough research on this topic, I found that the issues associated with transgender people are not only restricted to their surrounding people but have its roots up to the administrative level, where such people are subjected to cruelty and sexual harassment even in police custody. Such types of various issues can be addressed only by more education to people and by passing strict enforcement laws against the discriminatory treatment given to such people in the society. Anti-discrimination laws, especially for LGBT community, should be passed, where they can enjoy the same privilege and right to lead their lives like other people. Strict laws should be implemented on the prohibition of sexual assaults and other violence and related crimes committed against such people in police lock ups (Stotzer, 2014). Anti-bullying policies and providing guidelines for parents and teachers of such people for the provision of a more supportive environment are some other measures which sho uld be adopted by the governments of all countries (Irving, 2013). Only then it can be imagined that this world will be a better place for such people to live in and can reduce the death rate of such people. References Chettiar, A. (2015). Problems Faced by Hijras (Male to Female Transgenders) in Mumbai with Reference to Their Health and Harassment by the Police. International Journal Of Social Science And Humanity, 5(9), 752-759. Irving, D. (2013). Against the grain: Teaching Transgender Human Rights. Sexualities, 16(3-4), 319-335. Sherouse, B. (2016). Death of Gender Fluid Teen Highlights Continued Violence | Human Rights Campaign. Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from https://www.hrc.org/blog/death-of-gender-fluid-teen-highlights-continued-violence-against-lgbtq-yout. Stotzer, R. (2014). Law enforcement and criminal justice personnel interactions with transgender people in the United States: A literature review. Aggression And Violent Behavior, 19(3), 263-277. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.012 Winter, S. (2006). Thai Transgenders in Focus: Their Beliefs About Attitudes Towards and Origins of Transgender. International Journal Of Transgenderism, 9(2), 47-62.

Computer Languages Essays - Programming Languages, C, Source Code

Computer Languages Despite having very little knowledge of the world of computer programming, I have come to believe that C++ is currently the programming language of choice. If that is the case, it would be easiest to only learn C++ and to ignore the other programming languages. However, computer programmers should not ignore the other programming languages for at least three important reasons. One, some computers might not accept C++ as a programming language. Two, there may be features of other programming languages that are superior to C++. Three, there are many useful programs written in languages besides C++ that can only be modified with knowledge of those other languages. For these reasons, it is important that all good programmers are able to adapt to other programming languages. The intention of this lab is to create computer programmers who are able to adapt to many different programming languages. Section I: Examining High-Level Programming Languages Introduction to Section I In this section, six previously-prepared programs, written in the programming languages Fortran, Pascal, and C, are looked at and compared. For each program a hypothesis is formed about the function the program serves, and the way in which the program performs that function. Also included in the hypothesis is a description of what makes the programming language easy or difficult to read. Testing the hypothesis is simply a matter of compiling and running the program using a variety of inputs. For each experiment in this section, I wrote out a hypothesis for the program before I tested it. Then, after testing the program, I prepared a conclusion about how the program works. Experiment 1: oddeven.f Hypothesis I believe that the Fortran program will first ask for how many numbers are in your list of numbers. Then it will read in all the numbers in your list, one at a time and tell you if the number that you just entered is even or odd. The program will keep track of how many of your numbers are even and how many are add. After you have entered in all the numbers in your list, it will print out how many of your numbers are odd and how many are even. The Fortran language is fairly easy to understand, so forming my hypothesis of what the program would do was not a very difficult task. Most of the commands used in Fortran are words that represent their function like "PRINT *," "READ *," "IF," "THEN," and "END." On the other hand, Some of the commands used, like "DO 11 I =1" and "MOD," are vague and not easily understood. The print commands are especially helpful for checking my hypothesis. Because the print commands were written to give the user a good idea of what the program is doing, they also helped me figure out what the program is going to do. Conclusion The program behaved pretty much as I thought it would in my hypothesis. First the program instructed me to "Enter length of list." Then I was to enter in the numbers in my list one by one, and after each number the computer either responded with "[number] is even" or "[number] is odd. After I had entered in all the numbers in my list, the program printed out how many of my numbers were even and how many were odd. The program did not even mess up when I entered in decimal numbers, instead it just truncated the number and proceeded as if the truncated number was the number to be evaluated. Unfortunately, the program did label zero an even number, which it isn't, but that is a fairly minor mistake. Also, I happened to have noticed that if I was entering numbers, and screwed up, the program wouldn't let me delete the last number I entered. This is kind of a drawback, but I don't know how one would go about fixing that problem. Experiment 2: weather.p Hypothesis To begin with, the program will print the following "Good day. My name is Ronald Gollum. I'm stuck in this box until quitting time. Please chat with me about the weather. Is it raining now?" The computer will store the user's answer to this question under a variable titled "Ans." If your answer to the question is Y or y, then the computer will store the value true under the Boolean variable titled "Raining." If your answer to that question is not Y or y, then the program will store the value False in "Raining" and then print the message "Too bad.

Simple French Verb Conjugations for Louer (to Rent)

Simple French Verb Conjugations for Louer (to Rent) The French verb  louer  means to rent. When you need to say rented, renting, or will rent a conjugation is required. French students will be delighted to know that this ones pretty easy because it follows the most common verb conjugation pattern found in the language. Conjugations of the French Verb  Louer Louer is a regular -er verb and the endings required in the conjugations follow the pattern of similar words. If you know how to conjugate inviter (to invite), fumer (to smoke), or any other verbs that end in -er, then this will be an easy lesson. The trick to French verb conjugations is that the ending changes with the subject pronoun as well as the past, future, or present tense. First, you must identify the verb stem and in this case, that is  lou-.   With that information, follow the table to discover the appropriate endings for each form of  louer. For example, I am renting is je loue and we will rent is nous louerons. Practicing these in context using simple sentences will make them easier to memorize. Subject Present Future Imperfect je loue louerai louais tu loues loueras louais il loue louera louait nous louons louerons louions vous louez louerez louiez ils louent loueront louaient The Present Participle of  Louer The present participle of louer  is louant. This was formed by simply adding -ant  to the verb stem. Beyond its use as a verb, it can also become an adjective, gerund, or noun when needed. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense in French. Its very easy and requires the use of the  past participle  louà ©. In order to complete the construction, conjugate the auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun. For instance, I rented becomes jai louà © while we rented is nous avons louà ©. Notice how ai  and avons are conjugates of avoir, yet the past participle does not change. More Simple Louer  Conjugations to Learn Those are the most important conjugations of  louer  that you should know. Once you learn those, consider studying these other simple forms. The subjunctive verb mood is used when the action of renting is uncertain. Similarly, the conditional verb mood implies that the renting will only happen if something else does. In formal French writing, you will likely come across the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive as these are literary verb forms. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je loue louerais louai louasse tu loues louerais louas louasses il loue louerait loua lout nous louions louerions loumes louassions vous louiez loueriez loutes louassiez ils louent loueraient lourent louassent The imperative verb form is used in short demands and exclamations. When using it, skip the subject pronoun: use loue instead of tu loue. Imperative (tu) loue (nous) louons (vous) louez

The Need for Management Accounting Information Essay

The Need for Management Accounting Information - Essay Example Management accounting is a branch of accounting that provides accounting information for use by the management internally (Drury 7). Sharma duly notes that the accounting information provided by management accountants is utilized in decision making by a firm (Sharma 100). The information forms a basis for informed decisions to be made. It is imperative to have the relevant information before making decisions especially those that have immense impacts on the fortunes of an organization. Concrete management decisions, if based on reliably generated management information, can ensure profitability (Riahi-Belkaoui 28). Management information simplifies complex accounting phenomena drawn from different disciplines, classify them and present them in a way that managers can understand and, consequently, make informed decisions. Okoli asserts that the value of making the right decisions cannot be overstated; it is extremely valuable than indecision and, certainly, more desirable than wrong d ecisions (Okoli 53). For a profit making organization, the indecision of a manager is as bad as making the wrong decision. This paper delves into the impact that management accounting information has on a management decision making hoping to show the need for managers to be furnished with this kind of information. In an effort to achieve that objective this paper starts by highlighting the characteristics of management accounting information and differentiating it from financial accounting information.

Louis Riel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Louis Riel - Essay Example At one point, he attempted taking legal studies, but these attempts failed (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).1 Despite the failed attempts to study religious studies and legal studies, Riel continued to give his opinion on issues of religion and political reforms. When giving his opinions, Riel appeared to be contended with whatever he said, and he never allowed anyone to oppose his opinions. His discussions were done using a strong command of languages. Riel was talented in catching the attention of his listeners through creating a sense of his importance. One notable thing about Riel was his understanding of dangers associated with engaging in physical wars despite his use of violent speeches. Majority of people living in the Red River knew Riel due to his popularity in engaging in matters of politics and religion (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).1 Louis Riel and the Red River Rebellion In 1869, the Canadian government signed the Canadian Act of 1869, which introduced a provisional government for the colony in the Red River. This move by the Canadian government was not welcome by many settlers of the Red River. Riel was the fast to oppose the government’s move. Using his religious doctrines and political opinions, he challenged his fellow Half-breeds to stand strong and resist the Canadian authorities. The Half-breeds believed that the government’s move aimed at getting properties out of the Half-breeds living in Canada. The rebellion formed by Riel was done through mobilizing a few Half-breeds and instructing government surveyors to stop their work in the Red River (Lewis 2000, par. 1-25).2 After managing to stop the surveyors from carrying out their job, Riel and his group later seized Fort Garry, which held a company for military supplies and rifles. Later, a meeting for all Half-breeds living in Red River was convened, and people in attendance were convinced to adopt a proposed â€Å"bill of rights.† The proposed â€Å"bill of right† had fifteen provisions, which addressed the plight of the 2Half-breeds. When closing the convention, Riel proposed the formation of a provisional government, of which he would be the head. All this time, he was acting as the secretary general to a provisional government that believed to be in power after the inception of the rebellion. At one point, Riel warned people in Canadian authorities against intruding territories within the Red River (Lewis 2000, par. 1-25).2 Once the military operations within the seized Fort Garry came to an end, Riel became the master of the territory for close to six months. Settlers living in the Red River were in full support of Riel’s proposals, but his intentions of creating an independent government with him as the head left many settlers with a lot of questions. Many settlers thought that Riel had a strong will in fighting for the rights proposed in the â€Å"bill of rights† rather than calling for an independent republic. Furthermore, Riel showe d a lot of cruelty when dealing with people who opposed his ideas. He went to the extent of ordering the shooting of such people. At one time, Riel ordered for the shooting of an Orangeman of which it was later discovered that the shooting was motivated by personal differences. The shooting of the Orangeman aroused fellow Orangemen living in Upper Canada. The heightened mood in Upper regions of Canada caused the English government to interfere in the issue (Thomas 1887, p. 35-67).3 The colonial

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay Ambiguities and omission are statement that can be explained in number of ways. For example, the following statement is ambiguous. The operator identity consists of the operator name and password; the password consists of six digits. It should be displayed on the security vdu and deposited in the login file when an operator logs into the system. According to the question there are so many ambiguities and omission can be found in the given scenario. The main ambiguities and omission includes in given scenario as follows: The structured approach described in study text can be dividing as follows: Preface, introduction, glossary, user requirement definition, system architecture, system requirements specification, system models, system evolution, appendices, and index. The first category of structured approach is preface. In this stage should define the expected readership of the document and describe its version history, including a rationale for the creation of a new version and a summery of the changes made in each version.  [2]  In the second stage of structured approach is the introduction. In this stage this should describe the need for the system. There should be a brief explanation about its functions and will it works with other systems.Acooding to the given scenario the ticket machine is made for perches rail ticket quickly rather than waiting in the que to perches rail ticket. When the user enters the start button he can chooses the destination. After selecting the destination user can se e the availability of trains ,train time, what kind of trains available(slow or fast,overground or underground train).When the customer chooses the destination,train,and the time user can purchases the rail ticket by paying card or cash. In the next stage of the structured approach which is user requirement definition, needs to define the services provide for the user. User requirements can be explained as follows: When user enters the start button he should abele to see the destinations. When the destination chooses he should be abele to see the train time and the ticket price. If the customer confirms the selected destination he should be abele to pay by card or cash. If the customer wants purchases more than one ticket their should be a option to select the numbers of ticket .After that customer should abele to chooses the payment method (cash or card).If the customer user wants to pay by card he should abele to input the card. After input the card if the user change his mind and wants to pay by cash there must be option to cancel the payment method as a card and choose the payment method as cash. If the customer paid by cash change and receipt must be given. The next stage of structured approach involves to given scenario is system requirement specification. This should explain about the functional and non functional requirement s in detail. According to the system requirement the system should be able to display the destination when the user selects the start button. When the customer chooses the destination system should be abele to display the availability of trains, time.and price. If there are no trains for chosen time system should be abele to display the alternatives (eg; replacement bus services). When the customer selects the train the system should be abele display the payment method (cash or card).According to the scenario user can only pay by credit card or cash, but the system should be able to take debit cards as well. Because most people use r debit cards more than credit cards).If the user input a card before choosing the payment method or input a invalid card system should abele to displays the error massage. If user has been paid by cash system should able to gives the change back. After purchasing rail ticket by card or cash, the system should able to print the valid ticket to chosen destination and abele to provide the receipt for the payment which has been done? The next stage of the structured approach is System models, which has been don in question (e.) .The last stage which involves to given scenario is system evolution. This refers to the fundamental assumptions on which the system is based and anticipated changes due to hardware evolution, changing user needs.etc..(Eg: if the user wants to purchases the ticket online at home he should be able to log in to the system and purchases the train ticket. (c.)Write the user requirements definitions. The user requirements for a system could be divided to functional and non functional requirements, because it helps to the user to understand the system without technical knowledge. User requirements are defined using natural language, tables and diagrams as these can be understood by all users. There are so many problems can be generated when requirements are written in natural language. Lack of clarity It is something difficult to use language in a precise and unambiguous way without making the document wordy and difficult to read. Requirements confusion- Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, system goals and design information may be clearly distinguished. Requirements amalgamation- Several different requirements may be expressed together as a single requirement User requirements can be defined as: the software must provide a means of representing and accessing external files created by other tools.  [3]  According to the above scenario user requirements can be explained as follows. When the user presses the start button he should be able to choose the options (For example customer selecting a specific destination, the destination is in which zone, etc) When the customer chooses the destination user should be able to find out the train times and what kinds of trains (fast train or slow train, underground train or over ground train) are available for that time. If trains are not available or delays at that time user should be able to find out the alternatives such as when is the next train available?, Is there any replacement bus service available?, etc.. After choosing the destination, train and the train time, user should able to see the ticket price. User should able to choose the payment method (card payment or cash payment) to purchases the rail-ticket. If the user wants to pay by cash he should able to enter the cash and confirms the cash payment. After confirming the cash payment, rail ticket should be printed and receipt for the payment and change needs to be given. If the user wants to pay by card he should able to input the credit card or debit card and enter the validation pin. User should be able to get the rail ticket and the receipt after payment has been made. (d.)Write the system requirements specifications. System requirements are expanded versions of the user requirements that used by software engineers as the starting point of the system design.  [4]  Normally they add details and explain how the user requirements should be provided by the system. According to the given scenario software requirements can be highlight as follows: When the user enters the start button the system should be able display the destinations. When customer chooses the destination the system should be displayed the train availability, what kind of trains available (fast, slow train or over ground, underground) of chosen destination and the departures time. If there are no trains available at that time the system should able display saying that there are no trains available at chosen time enter the more option button to check the alternatives. When the alternatives selects system should be abele to display the alternatives(eg.take the replacement bus 472 towards London bride and take the northern line towards Morden -estimated time 1 hour and 32 minutes) If the trains available, after the choosing the destination and the departure time, the system should be able to display the ticket price for the all kinds of trains. For example if the user wants to take underground train within zone 1-6 the travel card will be  £6.30. When the customer selects the ticket type for the chosen destination the system should be able to display the payment method (pay by card or cash). If the customer chooses the payment method as cash system should display how much user needs to pay totally and also should display a massage saying input the cash for perches the ticket) When the customer input the cash the system should be able to charged exactly for the ticket price and change need to be given. Because most of the time users do not keep exact amount for the ticket.mostely they keep  £10 or  £20 notes. If the customer chooses the payment method as card he should confirmed the payment method as card and needs to input the card. When the customer enters the pin the system should abele to verify the card and take the money from users account, but the card is invalid there should be a error massage should be displayed saying you have entered a invalid card please enter the valid card. I f the validation is successful system should de abele to charge from uses account and provide the receipt. (e.)Draw a sequence diagram showing the actions performed in the ticket-issuing system. You may make any reasonable assumptions about the system. Pay particular attention to specifying user errors. Sequance diagram (f.)Write a set of non-functional requirements setting out its expected reliability and its response time. Requirements that are not directly concerned with the specific functions delivered by the system known as none functional system requirements. None functional requirements are not only concern with the software system to be developed, some may concern with the process that should be used to develop the system. There are three non-functional requirements. They are Product Requirements: Which specify the behaviour of the product? Ex: how fast are the system executed and how much memory dose it requires? Speed can be measured by processed transaction, event response time and screen refresh time. Organisational Requirements: requirements driven by polices and procedures in the customers and developers organisation. Ex implementation requirements such as the programming language or design method used. External requirements: Requirements that are driven from factors external to the system and its development process. Also the time that the user take to get familiar with the system and number of help forums that are available, robustness of the system , how much time it take to restart the system in case of a failure occurred. Reliability that measures mean time to failure. Rate of failure accuracy availability and portability of unavailability. Portability of percentage is non-functional requirements that are important when designing a ticket issuing system. (g.)Develop a set of use-cases that could serve as a basis for understanding the requirements for ticket-issuing system. Use Case (h.)Briefly describe the requirements validation process. Discuss all the checks that you have to perform to validate the above requirements in ticket-issue system. Requirement validation concern with the specification of the system that customer wants is functioning according to the requirements. Requirement validation also examines the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously; that inconsistence, omission and errors have been identified and correct them. Following checks have been carried out on requirements Availability checks Since this is a ticketing system that is used by public. There are multiple users with multiple requirements. Therefore the requirement validation should be favourable for all users. However some users may find there requirements are fulfilled and some may not. Consistency Checks There should be no contradictory constrains or descriptions of the system function. Completeness Checks To check all the requirements have been achieved Realism Checks Once the requirements being gathered it is important to check that the system can be implemented with the current technologies and also it is possible to finish the project with the given time period with the allocated budget. Verifiability To reduce the potential of dispute between customer and contractor, system requirements should always be written so that they are referable (i.)Create a semantic data model for the above scenario. Data model (j.)What is the impact if when the customer pays cash, he is allowed not to have the exact amount? According to the given scenario if the user pays by cash he needs to pay the exact amount. For example if the rail ticket is  £6.30 user must pay exactly  £6.30.Specialy the cities like London most people dont carry change with them they keep  £5,  £10 or  £20 notes. It is a user requirement to get the change back if the user inserts cash more than exact amount. System should abele to give the change back. However in the real life most of the ticket machines, if you put cash you get the change back.

Alumni Tracer System

The Alumni tracer is a System that even they are far from the schools, the schools can communicate with the graduate students and to know more about their experiences and their careers after finished their studies. Technology is a tool and method used in solving problems and to make the work easier. In our modern generation, almost everything around us is made-up of technology and the most developed gadget in our generation is the computer wherein almost everyone needs it. Students, Teacher, or even a simple user can do anything they want in computers. It can make to help us to make our work easier and faster. Every schools-universities or institutions are using computers. Some of schools wants to remember all those person who have been part of their society, that’s why they want to know if the students from their school has a capability to compete their knowledge or skills to everyone and they want to know more about the students who are already graduated. College has always placed great emphasis on the importance of maintaining a close rapport with its alumni. In order to build and enhance the alumni network, the Alumni Affairs Office was established to act as an intermediary platform in bridging the gap between the College and its vast alumni members. It actively plays its role in maintaining a good relationship between the alumni and College as well as extending dynamic network between alumni from various School of Studies. The Alumni Affairs Office also plays an integral part in organizing various homecomings, thus effectively keeping the communication channel between the College and its alumni open, providing countless opportunities for its alumni in strengthening its networking ties and forging an everlasting bond of fellowship. Thus the researchers came up with an idea of creating an online alumni tracer. The Alumni Tracer is being used by several schools to conduct significant feedback, to reconnect graduates to their alma mater and to know the demographic profile of the employment record of the respondents. Several schools in the Philippines nowadays have been using it and integrate it through their official websites and/or alumni association’s page.

Charging for Plastic Bags Essay

Nowadays, many billions of plastic bags have been using every year, and it seems to be increased more and more. According to Noland (2013), in the UK, the number of plastic has risen up to 5.4% in 2010 to 2011. Another statistic illustrates that 90 percent of plastic bags do not be reused or recycled (Bobby, 2013). This shows that people do not care much about the effect of plastic bags. Therefore, the government should intervene to solve this problem: to introduce a charge for plastic bags. Plastic bag is one of major environmental issues. It provides many disadvantages for environments, animals, and even humans, so people should be aware for using plastic bags. In order to reduce using plastic bags, the government has to make a law of charging for using them. According to Noland (2013), Ireland has definitely decreased 95 percent of using plastic bags since they had a plastic bag tax in 2002. Wales’ statistic shows that rate of plastic bags had reduced to 22 percent because of introduced charging (Noland, 2013). It means that this project can persuade or support consumers to not use a lot of plastic bags, so it can protect the environment. In the United States, people use 100 billion plastic bags a year (Bobby, 2013). A huge of people is using plastic bags, so another reason of charging for plastic bags is it is impossible to stop use plastic bags because people still need them in daily life for carrying things. Moreover, producing plastic bags is a part of businesses. This will hard to ban plastic bags. Hence, people who want to use plastic bags should pay for it so that the government can use money from charging or taxes for doing other things that are useful. Opponents of charging for plastic bags say that this project does not help much about saving the environment. There is a better way of solving this problem, including alternatives to plastic bags. People can reuse and recycle the bags. However, alternatives to plastic bags still give harmful for the environment. According to Bobby (2013), reusable plastic bags can cause a brains and kidneys problems. Even though paper bags can break down, it provides a gas that leads to global warming (Bobby, 2013). Bobby also refers that cloth bags are more harmful than plastic bags because people require trees for making bags (2013). As with most things, there are pros and cons of both sides, but, overall, to introduce a charge for plastic bags provides more advantages. It is certainty that charging for plastic bags can reduce people to not use plastic bags. Moreover, it is nothing to do with people who produce plastic bags because they cannot ban plastic bags anyway, so having a charity are more benefits that banning plastic bags.

Internship Report on City Bank Limited - 18288 Words

1.1 Introduction Economic history shows that development has started everywhere with the banking system and its contribution towards financial development of a country is the highest in the initial stage. Schumpeter (1933) regarded the banking system as one of the two main agents (other being entrepreneurship) in the whole process of development. Keynes also emphasized the role of banking services in the process of economic development of a country, while SHE was addressing the House of Lords regarding International and Monetary System (quoted in Sharma 1985). Moreover Alexander Gerschenkron (1962) in his popularly known â€Å"Gerschenkron’s Hypothesis† explained the banking system as the key role player at certain stage of the†¦show more content†¦Md. Abdul Halim, Senior Vice President Manager, CBL, BB Avenue Br. ïÆ'Ëœ Mr. A.S.M Shokrana, Vice President, PBL, BB Avenue Br. ïÆ'Ëœ Mr. Mohammad Mortaja, Senior Executive Officer, Credit Department, CBL,BB Avenue Br. ïÆ'Ëœ Md. Sohel Rana, Officer, Accounts Section. (b) Secondary sources (i) Annual report of City Bank Ltd. (ii) Files Folders (iii) Memos Circulars (iv) Daily diary (containing my activities of practical orientation) maintained by me, (v) Various publications on Bank, (vi) Websites, Different circulars sent by Head Office and Bangladesh Bank. 1.6 Limitations of the Report There were some problems while I have undergone the internship program. A wholehearted effort was applied to conduct the internship program and to bring a reliable and fruitful result. In spite of having the wholehearted effort, there exits some limitations, which acted as barrier. The limitations were --- ïÆ'Ëœ The study was limited only to the City Bank Limited, B.B. Avenue Branch. ïÆ'Ëœ Another Problem was time constraints. The duration of my internship Program was only two months. But this time is not enough for a complete and fruitful study. ïÆ'Ëœ The Bank was a busy one having heavy rush of people, whom officers need to deal with. So allocation ofShow MoreRelatedInclusive Study to Know the Prospective of Askari Bank Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesINTERNSHIP LETTER â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The inclusive study of Askari bank helps to suggest the organizational wide plans that verify the long run success of the organization, finding new ways to add value, flexibility, and developing unique skills and ideas to manage people. After studying one can simplify that how a bank can provide various products services to the customers in order to provide them best value. The purpose of Askari bank is to provide professional reliability, customer satisfactionRead MoreInternship Report1565 Words   |  7 PagesInternships profile Chengdu Bank, founded in December 30, 1996, the former Chengdu 44 urban credit cooperatives founded Chengdu Urban Cooperative Bank, Department of Sichuan Province, the first city commercial banks. October 28, 2008, approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the Bank of Chengdu in the Chengdu City Commercial Bank officially changed its name to mark the beginning of the line development by local banks to regional banks, national bank. At the same time, Bank ofRead MoreAn Internship Report on Soneri Bank Ltd.1975 Words   |  8 PagesAn Internship Report on Soneri Bank Ltd. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University ISLAMABAD Internship Report At Submitted by: Mr. Umair Azim ME063005 MBA (BF) An Internship Report on Soneri Bank Ltd. Table of contents ï  ¶ History ï  ¶ Job Description ï  ¶ Departments, I served ï  ¶ Accounts Opening ï  ¶ Remittance ï  ¶ Clearing ï  ¶ Areas, I learnt ï  ¶ How my internship would influence my career ï  ¶ Conclusion An Internship Report on Soneri Bank Ltd. History Incorporated on September 28, 1991 the first Branch of SoneriRead MoreEvaluating Customer Satisfaction in General Banking of The Premier Bank Limited2432 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Evaluating Customer Satisfaction in General Banking of The Premier Bank Limited Evaluating Customer Satisfaction in General Banking of The Premier Bank Limited Submitted To Mr. Muhammad Intisar Alam Senior Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted By Name ID- BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) BRAC Business SchoolRead MoreA Study of Loan Disbursement and Recovery System of Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd- Gulshan Branch7599 Words   |  31 PagesAmerican International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) INTERNSHIP AFFILIATION REPORT ON â€Å"A study of loan disbursement and recovery system of Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd- Gulshan Branch† An Internship Report Presented to the Faculty of Business Administration in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration Supervised By: R. Tareque Moudud FCMA, ACS, ACMA (UK) Director, Office of Placement Alumni (OPA) Submitted By: Mashuk Ifthaker ID # 08-11857-2Read MoreWorking Report of Standard Charterd Bank Bd Ltd.5390 Words   |  22 PagesA WORKING REPORT ON STANDARD CHARTERED BANK By Nafis Ahmed ID: 0720129 An Internship Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH December 5th 2010 A WORKING REPORT ON STANDARD CHARTERED BANK By Nafis Ahmed ID: 0720129 Has Been Approved November 2010 _____________________ Mr. Chowdhury Rajkin Mohsin Lecturer, Finance School of Business Independent University, BangladeshRead MoreAskari Bank: A Leading Pakistani Bank7412 Words   |  30 Pages|Contact Details | |Askari Bank, one of the leading banks of Pakistan. The bank was founded in 1992, and in the 18 years since, our growth and success patterns have far outgrown industry standards. Askari Bank has expanded into a nationwide presence of 150 branches, and an offshore banking Unit in Bahrain. A shared network of over 1,100 online ATMs covering all major cities in Pakistan supports the delivery channels for customer service. As on December 31, 2007, the bank had equity of PKR 12.27 billionRead MoreAskari Bank: A Leading Pakistani Bank7426 Words   |  30 Pages|Contact Details | |Askari Bank, one of the leading banks of Pakistan. The bank was founded in 1992, and in the 18 years since, our growth and success patterns have far outgrown industry standards. Askari Bank has expanded into a nationwide presence of 150 branches, and an offshore banking Unit in Bahrain. A shared network of over 1,100 online ATMs covering all major cities in Pakistan supports the delivery channels for customer service. As on December 31, 2007, the bank had equity of PKR 12.27 billionRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Boys And Girls Harbor916 Words   |  4 PagesA person who is graduating from college will get the opportunity for an internship. The person will get an understanding of the companys internal and external environment. This paper will look at the four areas of Boys and Girls Harbor using SWOT analysis. The paper will discuss the strengths and weaknesses which are the internal area and the opportunities and threats which are the external area of the company. There will be suggestions on how the company can improve and be successful.              Read MoreReport on Letter of Credit11547 Words   |  47 PagesCREDIT OF EVEREST BANK LIMITED. AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It has been a really awesome experience to be an intern at Everest bank limited. During the internship, I got an opportunity to meet the top personality of the banking sector and I got to know the real working environment and procedures of the banking industry. This report is based on Issuance of Letter of credit at one of the leading bank of Nepal, Everest Bank Limited. It is prepared as a part of the internship program in partial

Essay on American Culture in the 1920s - 1151 Words

During the 1920’s sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age, America was taking its last final steps from the traditional period to new era of modernization. It was a time in which American popular culture reshaped itself in response to the urban, industrial, consumer- oriented society America was becoming (Brinkley 641). In this reshape two sides stood in defense of their beliefs, the traditionalist who wanted America to stay the same or go back to the way it was. Rebelling against the new customs and morals of the urban middle class, they sought to defend older values. However, the new modernist looked forward to change; embracing the future and its fore coming traditions and ethics. During these time a mass consumer culture submerged,†¦show more content†¦Many Americans especially those living in urban areas challenged the rules and inhibitions of traditional public culture. They looked instead for freedom, excitement, and release (Brinkley 652). Motion pictures took America by storm, probably the most identified mass communication product at the time. Americans flocked to the movie theaters, with over 700 featured films produced a year during the 1920s to choose from, was more than ten times the number created by any other nation. Americans started to develop a night life, and there was nowhere to be more vigorously and visibly than in nightclubs. A dancing craze swept urban America, sending young people from out the house to dance halls filled with powerful pulsing new music and dazzling lights, to show off new clothes and hairstyles. Over 10 percent of the men and women between the ages of 17 and 40 in New York went dancing at least once a week. Thes e dance halls encouraged all kinds of uninhibited behaviors sexual dancing, drugs and alcohol. Flappers were women who smoked, wear seductive clothes, and makeup, often went to dance halls alone to find excitement and companionship. One event that impacted the 1920’s was the upcoming movement in music, jazz. Equivalent to rock and roll in the 50’s and 60’s, and today’s hip hop era, was said to have caused a lot of issues because of its African American background. One issue was young white kids would go out to Jazz Clubs and dance to jazz performed by blackShow MoreRelatedAmerican Culture Between The 1920 S2083 Words   |  9 PagesEver since Thomas Edison invented the Kinetiscope in 1894, films have been reaching its way to the heart of American culture. Since the roaring twenties, where the United States began to see the first movie theaters to the 1960’s, where films are officially a source of leisure and escape from reality. Films influenced American culture between the 1920’s through 1960’s by becoming an increasingly popular form of leisure for years to come while causing scandals, riots, and movements about films orRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fi tzgerald1138 Words   |  5 Pages The Roaring 20’s â€Å"There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the tired.† (F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby). This is a famous quote from Fitzgerald because this is what the 1920’s was about.The American Dream was about working hard for what you want and this quotes sums it up. Everybody in the 1920’s worked hard for what they had and wanted. The 1920’s was a time to remember. The 1920’s was known by so many names. For example the Jazz Age, Flappers, the ‘New† Women andRead MoreThe United States Of America Hit An All Time Low During The Roaring 20 s With The Presence Of954 Words   |  4 PagesCinevert 1 Outline The United States Of America hit an all-time low during the Roaring 20’s with the presence of prohibition and organized crime. I. The Jazz Age Jazz Music Dance Appliances II. The New Women KKK Flappers 19th Amendment III. Mass Culture More Spending Money .First Radio Affordable Consumer Product ( Automobile) Read MoreThe Counter Culture of the 1920s Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe counter culture of the 1920’s has affected the way the American lifestyle is today. Counter culture is a culture that primarily consists of younger people, with values and lifestyles opposing those of the original established culture. (Dictionary.com) A need for change. The 1920’s are also known as the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which was coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† It was a decade of change. (Hakim, 41) The counterculture of the 1920’s resulted from the Age of Jazz, FlappersRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pages Mass culture by definition refers to the set of ideals and values that develop from a common exposure to the same media, news sources, music, and art (chegg). It conveys the idea that culture emerges spontaneously from the masses themselves, like popular art did before the 20th century. However, post WW1 American society had advancements in technology that aided certain ideals and values in spreading across the nation. And the term media culture gives reference to the current western capitalistRead MoreAdvancements During The Roaring Twenties Essay527 Words   |  3 Pagesprosperity, music, dancing, and happiness. The 1920’s are often referred to as the â€Å"roaring twenties,† but many histories purpose that this is not a correct interpretation of this time period. America may have not been good for the some of the lower class in this time period, but the 1920’s were fantastic for most of the middle and upper class living in urban cities. The advantages of t his time period did outweigh the bad, which is why the 1920’s are called the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Women’s rolesRead More Paris in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesParis in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Between the end of the First World War and Hitlers seizure of power a cultural explosion occurred in Paris that altered our notions of art and reality and shaped our way of viewing the world ever since. In the 1920s, Paris became the undisputed international capital of pleasure and was regarded as the cultural and artistic center of Europe with a reputation for staging one of its most glamorous eras, as well as some of the most spectacularRead More Italian Immigrants in America Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagescentury and finally during the 1920’s, the United States began to restrict immigrants from coming to their country, mostly for cultural and economic reasons.   Even the immigrants that were allowed in during the 20’s faced many hardships such as religious persecution, racism, and xenia phobia.   One of the major groups of immigrants during that time was the Italians, but did the Italian immigrants experiences typify the overall immigrant experience during the 1920’s?   From the research I have compiledRead MoreMusic During The 1920 S1609 Words   |  7 PagesMusic in the 1920’s The Jazz Age was a cultural movement that took place in America during the 1920 s (also known as the Roaring Twenties) from which both jazz music and dance emerged. This movement matched with both the equally phenomenal introduction of mainstream radio and the conclusion of World War I. The 1920s was the decade that marked the beginning of the modern music era. Some of the popular music genres were Jazz, Dance Bands, Blues, and Broadway. The decade marked the beginning ofRead MoreChapter 31 Essential Questions Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesand why did America turn toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s? Americans turned toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s because of the red scare. Many people used the red scare to break the backs of all struggling unions. Isolationist Americans had did not have a lot of hope in the 1920s. There began to be a large amount of immigrants flowing into the US. During 1920-1921, over 800,000 immigrants had come. This type of immigration was known as the

To What Extent Were Womens Roles Affected by the Rwandan...

A. Plan of Investigation (147) To what extent were womens roles affected by the Rwandan Genocide? The aim of this investigation is to determine with detailing, how womens roles and education were truly affected by the genocide. This investigation will more in depth. This investigation is worth studying because it helps to enlighten the reader as to what happened, to clear any biases. We can also see the consequences and learn from those mistakes. In order to research the topic more thoroughly, there will be more analysis of the topic in 3 scope areas; women in the community and household, women in society, and women in education in Rwanda. The types of research conducted in order to gain information on the topic, included scholarly†¦show more content†¦They as a result were not represented in politics, since the maternal figure was still desired.5 †¢ However, to some extent women in post-genocide played a somewhat bigger role in politics; women in the Ministry of Gender spearheaded reform to give the women right to inheritance.6 †¢ The women stepped into the political sphere, taking on non-traditional social roles. Women who also gained rank in the RNP (Rwandan National Party), post-genocide were appointed to strategic positions in the transitional government.7 †¢ Until/during there were no female prefects or mayors, however, while the men were mostly focused on as perpetrators of the genocide, there were high ranking women.8 †¢ Agathe Kanziga and Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, the former first lady and the Ministry for Family Welfare respectively played huge roles in the genocide. Kanziga supported and set up the extremist radio station (RTLM-Radio Tà ©là ©vision Libre des Mille Collines), while Nyiramasuhuko another notorious politician was accused of rape (indirectly committed) and conspiracy to commit genocide.9 3. Women in Education †¢ There were improvements post-genocide; there were more qualified female teachers than male. ( 86.0% to 84.4%). However there was also many problems. Data gathered in 2000, showed that the literacy rate for women was at 47.8% compared to the 58.1% of men.10 †¢ Also of the 7058 teachers in the secondary system, 1358 of those were womenShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward

Free Will And Freud Essay Example For Students

Free Will And Freud Essay People are not free and do not have freewill due to unseen forces within thehuman mind and areas of the unconscious not aware to us. There are argumentsthat go against the principle of freewill in reference to the unconscious. Manypeople who have done studies in this area conclude that the unconscious can beseen or measured, so it is able to exist. According to Sigmund Freud, theunconscious does exist and the areas of the human mind control and affect ourbehavior. Freud also states because of these forces, freewill is prevented. Freud proposes three aspects of our personality that prevent freewill. They arethe ID, Ego, and the Super Ego. Many People feel they are free and possesfreewill. They do not feel that because of some mechanism in their mind is thebasis for their behavior and actions. They feel that they have the ability tosize up a situation, think about their options, and choose how they will act. What we do then, is the result of our own deliberate free choice. There areunseen forces that prevent freewill. These unseen forces along with otherfactors prevent us from acting freely. There are two popular elements, theconscious and the unconscious. The conscious represents things we are aware of,and the unconscious represents what we are not aware of. When we are consciouswe are aware from moment to moment in our ordinary everyday experiences. Forexample, when at work I am aware of everyone and everything in my environment,phones, fax machine, co-workers, and computers. I will know who is at work andwho is not, I know who has pictures of their children on their desk and who doesnot. The conscious element simply allows me to see, feel, and actively be aware. The unconscious is a powerful element which affects and drives memories andmotives. The unconscious represents an area that is much deeper that the surfaceof our mind. An obvious example of the unconscious is our dreams. Theunconscious says things about our lives through pictures and symbols. Thiselement if recognized will prevent freewill from occurring and can directlyaffect our behavior. Thus, the uncurious is a powerful force that affects almosteverything we do. Sigmund Freud proposes three aspects of our personalitystructure that directly effects our decisions. The elements that Sigmund Freudtalks about are the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. These three elements play animportant role in our decisions and support the view of not having freewill. TheId is the source of our basic drives and all of our psychological energy. Sigmund Freud also states that we all are born with this element. The Id is alsorefereed to the pleasure principle, also represents self-gratification. The Idhas two basic drives, sex, and aggression. The Id is the part of us that isseeking pleasure through the immediate satisfaction of its needs. For example,if my professor goes into the teachers lounge while having a craving forsweets and there is a plate of brownies on the table, instead of asking if hecan have one, he just takes some without asking. This would be the workingwithout the benefit of the ego or super ego. In reference to the Id, it isalways trying to satisfy every impulse whenever and wherever, it knows nolimits. The second element of our personality is the ego; Freud relates this asthe reality principle. The ego is the practical side of our personality; it isaware of whats possible and impossible and is able to accept limits and toact in a practical way. The egos main purpose is to figure out appropriateways to sati sfy the ids desire. In a since the ego is like congress and theid is like the president. The president can not take major actions without theapproval of congress. In the case with the professor taking the brownies itwould be the ego saying stop and ask if these brownies are for everyone,maybe I should ask for permission first. In short the id supplies the power andthe ego supplies the control. The reaction of the two act as a driving force inwhich our decisions are made, thus eliminating freewill.

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Example

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Wider Professional Practice Assignment 1 How Recent Changes to UK Immigration Legislation Affect ESOL Provision in the Further Education Sector (Level 6) BryAnne Conley 7 January 2011 Introduction In recent years the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) sector has been dramatically affected by top-level UK immigration legislation. Immigration changes emanating from the Home Office, as well as corresponding funding changes for ESOL through Skills for Life, have significantly impacted public-sector Further Education (FE) teaching of ESOL. This essay will outline the recent history of national legislative changes affecting English-language teaching and identify the current operating policy and include a description of my education sector and learners. Following this description will be a detailed analysis of how the policy has been implemented in the public FE sector and especially within my own organisation. The analysis will begin by examining funding issues that affect the implementation, followed by a point-by-point discussion of positive benefits as well as negative impacts of each aspect. Both pre-existing and pending funding changes which impact ESOL provision will also be briefly mentioned. Historical Overview Hamilton and Hillier (forthcoming, p 1) could not have been more accurate when they stated It is clear from the historical record that ESOL has received uneven and often unhelpful attention from government. In the early 2000s the UK began significantly tightening immigration controls in an effort to reduce the number of immigrants to this country, and many amendments were added to the main law controlling immigration to the UK: the Immigration Act 1971. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prior to this time, the law specified only that any immigrant desiring British citizenship should have a sufficient knowledge of English (British Nationality Act 1948). In the last decade, however, an astounding 267 Statutory Instruments and 5 Acts dealing with immigration have been approved. These changes began with the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 and eventually led to the complete restructuring of the UK immigration system. A new Five-Tier Points-Based System (HC 439) was introduced and phased in during 2008 and 2009. This system tightened language regulations considerably, requiring different levels of English for different types of immigrants. HC 439 is the pertinent policy which this report will analyse, and one which significantly affects the FE ESOL sector, as it further restricts specifications regarding proof of English language progress and proficiency: A person is deemed to have sufficient knowledge of English and of life in the UK if he has attended a course using teaching materials derived from ‘Citizenship Materials for ESOL Learners’ and has thereby obtained a relevant accredited qualification in ESOL (or if he has passed the test known as the Life in the UK Test). [that] evidenced progress from one [ESOL] level to the next is required and that qualifications can only be obtained through attendance at a college that is subject to inspection by [approved agencies are listed]. This means that immigrants seeking to settle in the UK must now submit formal proof of their initial level of English in addition to proof of their final level, thus confirming an improvement of one whole ESOL level. In addition, instruction must now be provided by an approved, inspected college a change that could leave many private English language colleges without enough students to survive. (Tahir, 2010) Sector and Learners However, I teach in the public (approved) sector of Further Education: specifically in Adult and Community Education. ESOL provision in our sector is divided into several types of courses; the two areas I currently teach in are Skills for Life and Family Learning. Skills for Life ESOL, at the lower levels, has experienced significant cuts, whereas Family Learning ESOL is the only type of course for which funding has remained relatively stable. (NIACE, 2007) Our students are a mix of those who are settled, or wish to settle, permanently in the UK, and those who arrive from EU or EEA countries and want to improve their English for work purposes. As the Home Office has no power to regulate EU/EEA citizens in this country, this report will deal with the former group of students and how we help them achieve the required levels of proof of language proficiency and cultural knowledge for settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain or ILR) and ultimately British citizenship. Implementation of Home Office Policy Backdrop: Funding Cuts An analysis of the implementation of Home Office policy in the Further Education sector would not be complete without mention of the effects of recent FE-wide funding cuts, for they have dramatically increased the negative impact of changes in immigration legislation. In 2007, the UK government introduced a major restructuring of the funding for the FE sector which included monetary cuts, reworking of fee remission structures, an increased emphasis on certain areas of Skills for Life, as well as workforce reforms requiring the upskilling of teachers in the FE sector (Learning and Skills Council, 2007). According to the 2007 NIACE report, all providers of FE and Adult Education experienced a reduction in LSC funding, which was their major source of revenue. The institutions surveyed by NIACE cited a few positive changes, such as becoming more focused and efficient, and learners benefiting from a sharper focus on quality. However, most of the changes cited were negative: †¢ reduction in learner numbers †¢ increased course fees and other supplementary charges (eg exam fees) †¢ significant barriers raised for low-income learners including ESOL learners staff reductions including teachers, support staff and managers †¢ reduction in administrative capacity †¢ cuts in the range and locations of provision †¢ reduction of course lengths †¢ shorter planning horizons †¢ need to invest in additional staff training In my own organisation, I have seen the following impacts of these funding changes: †¢ Job losses have caused demoralisation and increase d stress for tutors, and especially for managers, as an increased workload is shared among fewer people. †¢ The target-driven climate has resulted in more paper shuffling by tutors and learners. Much time has been wasted by tutors and managers tracking targets on computer programs that dont work, trying to force the reality of students learning and progress into pre-determined aims, and the necessity of managing the numbers to satisfy funding requirements. †¢ Fewer locations of provision have meant that learners and tutors must travel further to classes, resources such as libraries have been considered luxuries and closed, and there has been a constant reshuffling of offices resulting in cramped, or a complete lack of, office space for many staff. Cuts in administrative staff and services have meant extra planning and workload for tutors, and learners are short-changed by receiving reduced resources and support. †¢ Selection of students is now often based on factors such as motivation or ability to complete exams rather than the need to learn the language. Our funding is now inconsistent, erratic and short-term, leading to general confusion, lack of continuity and increased spin-up time for everyone involved. As early as 2003, Lea noted problems with this approach to funding, stating that an environment in which FE is considered a profitable business †¦ could affect which ESOL students we take in or not. Requirement One: Life in the UK HC 439 requires proof that our courses include materials from the approved Citizenship Curriculum. These must be used in our planning, and we must specify what we have covered on each students Individual Learning Plan. This specification has an overall positive impact in that learners gain greater cultural knowledge of the UK; the negative impact is a small amount of extra paperwork for tutors. Requirement Two: Increase English One Full ESOL Level This requirement of the law is significantly more involved in its implementation, and has several aspects which will be discussed in turn. Aspect 1: Initial proof of English level is now required in addition to final level proof. Before, a quick initial assessment of learners’ skills levels sufficed, but now we must perform a more-thorough and well-documented diagnostic assessment. This assessment forms critical evidence that may be inspected by agencies such as Ofsted. The impact of this is significant: nearly all of the first one or two class sessions are now devoured by extensive assessments. These are stressful for the students and require huge amounts of time for tutors to prepare, mark, record and file. Additionally, because this is the public sector, Ofsted monitoring and funding concerns have led to creating a new electronic Data Return to track this assessment data. It has taken phenomenal amounts of time over two years to implement this system and train staff to use it. An unintended positive impact of these assessments has been a more detailed knowledge of students’ strengths and weaknesses, which targets the delivery of learning more precisely. Aspect 2: Students must pass exams to show an increase of one complete ESOL level from their initial assessment. This requirement has led to more teaching to the test which puts pressure on students and tutors alike to have exam success. Areas of vocabulary, grammar or knowledge which fall outside the scope of the exam are less likely to be covered in class. In the short term, this can be frustrating to learners and does not positively contribute to the quality of educational provision; in the long term, it may negatively impact other areas of students lives such as their job or family where they may need this extra information to function well and enhance their quality of life. This can lead to negative consequences for learners’ equality of opportunity in society. A further negative impact is the pressure on tutors to under-assess students levels initially, so that they can achieve an increase of one complete level in one year. It is essential for funding that students pass a minimum of one exam annually. ) Some students may not be accepted to learning programmes if it is not felt that they can achieve the required exam results; this can potentially lead to a lowering of the diversity in the class. One positive benefit, however, has been greater motivation by students to attend classes, focus on their studies and do well. Aspect 3: The Home Office is only interested in increased proficiency in speaking skills; reading and writing skills are not a priority. As a result of this, reading and writing skills can tend to fall by the wayside, and this can impact on students employability, especially for higher-skilled or higher-paid jobs. Students may be quite qualified in their own country, but unable to obtain jobs in the UK in the fields in which they were trained. A possibly-unintended consequence of this is keeping immigrants job prospects low, thus preserving higher-skilled jobs for British nationals; this is in direct contradiction to the points-based immigration scheme and the stated intentions of government policies! Future and Wider Issues At the time of this writing (Nov 2010) another change to the point-based immigration system is about to be implemented (Command Paper Cm 7944, 2010). The rule change will require spouses of UK settled individuals to have level A-1 level English before they can even enter the country. This pre-entry spouse language requirement has the potential to impact our sector significantly by reducing the number of students and making it more difficult to reach our target group of priority ESOL learners under the governments ‘New Approach to ESOL’ scheme. (DIUS, 2009), thus leading to further reductions in the diversity of our classes. It may even violate human rights and race relations laws. (Travis, 2010). Although this policy does not emanate from the Home Office and is therefore not considered directly in this report, it will nevertheless impact our sector with perhaps even greater intensity. The New Approach to ESOL was introduced by the UK government in the summer of 2009 as a joined up approach for handling ESOL provision (ibid. , p 23). A New Approach does indeed echo many of the aims of the Home Office legislation such as a refocus on ESOL priority learners, ESOL as part of preparing for work, and English to gain citizenship and integrate into communities. However, no new funding is provided to accomplish these additional tasks, and this will be intensely problematic. The Union of Colleges and Universities (2008) has stated categorically: Laudable government aims to lift migrant workers out of poverty and to deliver its community cohesion strategy [will] not happen unless appropriate funding is found. Conclusion The research done for this report suggests that ESOL provision in the Further Education sector is reaching a crisis point. More requirements are being piled on by government legislation emanating from a variety of agencies, while at the same time crippling funding cuts are being made across the sector. Staff in the sector are being stretched and stressed to the maximum. Barriers are being raised for learners that will keep immigrants in an economically-disadvantaged position in direct opposition to touted government ideals. It appears to be mainly funding policies, rather than requirement policies, which drive improvements or lack thereof in educational provision. In my opinion, the current situation is untenable, and prospects for the near future of ESOL provision are bleak. word count = 2164 Bibliography Ainley, B. (2007). Guide to Race Equality in FE. London: Continuum. Avis, J. (2007). Education, Policy and Social Justice. London: Continuum. Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. (20 January 2010). [Electronic version. ] The Guardian. Retrieved October 2010 from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/feb/13/civil-liberties-immigration. British Nationality Act 1948 (11 12 Geo. VI. c. 56) British Nationality Act 1981 (1981 c. 1). Command Papers. (2010). Statement of Changes in Immigration Rules, presented to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty October 2010. (Cm 7944). London: HMSO. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS). (n. d. ) Skills for Life: ESOL for Work — A new suite of qualifications. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/bank/368 7_ESOL_leaflet_A4_AW. pdf. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (last updated 2 February 2009). Planning Funding. [Online. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/Planning_and_Funding. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (2 February 2009). Proposed Funding Changes to ESOL and other Provision. [Electronic version. ] Extract of article first published in Update Magazine, issue 20. Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/ESOL_changes. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (2 February 2009). Race Equality Impact Assessment on proposed changes in the funding arrangements for English for Speakers of Other Languages and asylum seeker eligibility for Learning and Skills Council Further Education funding — report and emerging proposals. Download, PDF. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/bank/ACF1BE9. pdf. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (May 2009). A New Approach to English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. bis. gov. uk/assets/biscore/corporate/migratedD/publications/E/esol_new_approach. Hamilton, M and Hillier, Y (for thcoming). ESOL Policy and Change. [Download, PDF. ] To appear in Language Issues, the NATECLA Journal. Available: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/doc_library/edres/hamilton_07_esol_policy_and_change. pdf Hillier, Y. (2006). Everything You Need to Know About FE Policy. London: Continuum. Home Office. (2010). Statement of Changes in Immigration Rules, laid before Parliament on 18 March 2010 under section 3(2) of the Immigration Act 1971. (HC 439). London: HMSO. House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. (9 March 2010). Follow-up to the Committee’s Report on Domestic Violence, Forced Marriage and Honour-Based Violence (HC 429-i). Available: http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmhaff/429/429i. pdf. London: HMSO. Lea, J et al. (2003). Working in Post-Compulsory Education. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Learning and Skills Council (LSC). (March 2007). Funding Guidance for Further Education in 2007/08. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://readingroom. lsc. gov. uk/lsc/National/FEFundingGuidance0708. pdf. Learning and Skills Council. (2009). Fast Facts The New Approach to ESOL. [Download, Microsoft Word. ] Available: http://readingroom. lsc. gov. uk/lsc/National/nat-esol_fast_facts_LA-july2009-v1-1. doc. Migrant Health. Infectious diseases in non-UK born populations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. A baseline report 2006: Appendix One: The history of migration to the UK. (November 2006) [Download, PDF. Health Protection Agency. Available: http://www. hpa. org. uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1201767922096. National Archives. (As of 4 January 2011). Database search for legislation using keyword immigration across years 2000 through 2010. [Online. ] Accessible at: http://www. legislation. gov. uk. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE). (August 2007). Understanding the Impact of Funding Changes on Adult Learning: Further Education Colleges and Local Authorities. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. unison. org. uk/acrobat/NIACE_Aug07. pdf. Papp, S. (18 September 2009). The impact of language assessment for language assessment for migration and integration in the UK: a preliminary survey study. [Presentation. ] Conference on Language and Integration. Berlin: Goethe-Institut. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. goethe. de/ges/spa/pro/sog/ikz/pdf/Szilvia-Papp. pdf. Paton, A and Wilkins, M. (2009). Teaching Adult ESOL: Principles and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Singh, R, QC, and McColgan, A. (21 September 2010). In the Matter of Pre-Entry English Language Requirements. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. liberty-human-rights. org. k/human-rights/asylum/pre-entry-language-req-matrix-legal-advice-sept-2010. pdf. Tahir, T. (2010). English language schools fear new visa rules. The Guardian, 19 January 2010. [Online]. Retrieved Nov 2010 from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/education/2010/jan/19/foreign-student-visas Tett, L; Hamilton, M; and Hillier, Y. (2006). Adult Literacy, Numeracy and Language: Policy, Practice and Research. Ma idenhead: Open University Press. Travis, A. (27 September 2010). Human rights lawyers condemn English tests for spouses coming to UK. [Electronic version. ] The Guardian. Retrieved November 2010 from: http://www. uardian. co. uk/uk/2010/sep/27/lawyers-condemn-migrants-english-tests. University College Union (UCU). (2007). Increasing exclusion, raising barriers: the real costs of charging for ESOL. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. ucu. org. uk/media/pdf/l/6/ucu_esolbriefing_nov07. pdf. University College Union. (2008). UCU warns community cohesion cannot happen without English classes for migrants. (2 April 2008). UCU News. [Online. ] Available: http://www. ucu. org. uk/index. cfm? articleid=3183. UK Border Agency. (July 2009). Earning the Right to Stay: A New Points Test for Citizenship. [Download, PDF. Available from the European Archive: http://webarchive. nationalarchives. gov. uk/20100422120657/http://www. ukba. homeoffice. gov. uk/sitecontent/documents/aboutus/consultat ions/earning-the-right-to-stay/earning-the-right-to-stay/earned-citizenship-consultation? view=Binary. United Kingdom country information sheet. (n. d. ). [Online. ] European Web Site on Integration. Available: http://ec. europa. eu/ewsi/en/info_sheet. cfm? ID_CSHEET=21. Windsor, V and Healey, C. (2006). Lifelines 20: Developing ESOL, Supporting Achievement. Maidenhead: Open University Press. WorkPermit. com. UK Immigration English language requirements for spouses and